Turning biomarkers into surrogates, starting with the familiar 

The near-term breakthroughs in surrogate endpoints are coming from measures already used in clinical practice, which are opening up spaces that have until now been no-fly zones.

Among the fields forging the path are nephrology, cardiovascular disease and blood cancers, where markers used by clinicians are being rigorously scrutinized to deliver new surrogate endpoints for accelerated approval in underserved disease subsets. ...