Therapeutics: T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM3; HAVCR2); programmed cell death 1 (PD-1; PDCD1; CD279); programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1; B7

Patient sample and mouse studies suggest inhibiting TIM3 could help treat checkpoint inhibitor-resistant NSCLC. In pleural effusion samples from NSCLC patients, T cells from two patients with treatment-induced resistance to Opdivo nivolumab had higher levels of TIM3 than T cells from five patients who did not receive the mAb. In a genetic mouse model of PD-1 inhibitor-resistant NSCLC, an anti-TIM3 mAb increased survival, tumor T cell interferon γ (IFNγ) production and T cell proliferation and decreased tumor growth compared with isotype control. Next steps include investigating other mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint blockade...